Hormone Metabolism and Signaling in Plants. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The types of rhizomes include determinate and indeterminate. Conclusion. -, Luo A., Qian Q., Yin H., Liu X., Yin C., Lan Y., Tang J., Tang Z., Cao S., Wang X., et al. Chu Y, Xu N, Wu Q, Yu B, Li X, Chen R, Huang J.  |  OsWOX3A is involved in negative feedback regulation of the gibberellic acid biosynthetic pathway in rice (Oryza sativa). Epub 2012 Oct 17. The phenotype of osbhlh073-D showed semi-dwarfism due to deficient elongation of the first internode and poor panicle exsertion. doi: 10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01790-8. PDF | The stems of bioenergy sorghum hybrids at harvest are > 4 m long, contain > 40 internodes and account for ~ 80% of harvested biomass. However, rapid stem growth may lead to lower sucrose accumulation [31, 32]. Biol. Internode cell and vascular bundle morphology is altered in the Dw2 mutant The morphology of internode cells of fully elongated Int (P8) of DYM and DDYM was examined to determine if mutation of Dw2 has an impact on cell shape and tissue-level organization in fully elongated internodes. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Plant growth retardants are chemicals that reduce shoot length, primarily by reducing cell expansion but also by inhibiting cell division. In contrast to hypocotyl elongation, in which only cell elongation is concerned (Gendreau et al., 1997), internode elongation is the result of both cell division and cell elongation, and hormones have different effects on these two mechanisms. High plant density increased internode length due to an increase in the rate of rapid elongation. Sensitivity of P. tremula seedlings to GA 4 and GA 1 . See this image and copyright information in PMC. J Exp Bot. 2019 May 28;12(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12284-019-0298-6. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pci233. Epub 2016 Jan 14. The leaves become malformed with wavy margins or narrower width. SbGA3ox2 (Sobic.003G045900), a gene encoding the last step in GA biosynthesis, was expressed ~ 20-fold higher in leaf collar tissue of developing phytomers in plants grown at high vs. low density. Gibberellin metabolism: New insights revealed by the genes. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. An exception is found in the mesocotyl (first internode in grasses) which, within food reserve limits, continued, to elongate indefinitely in … 2011 Sep;157(1):216-28. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.179945. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Plant Physiol. As a consequence, it is more likely that the increased internode elongation observed in line 12 is due to the higher concentration of GA 4 (Table II). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). Internode elongation is an important agronomic trait in rice that determines culm length, which is related to lodging, panicle exsertion, and biomass. Gibberellins also have a role in other processes in plants, including stem elongation, germination, flowering and fruit ripening. Identification and characterization of SHORTENED UPPERMOST INTERNODE 1, a gene negatively regulating uppermost internode elongation in rice. Open in new tab Download slide Benefits of internode elongation at flowering include inflorescence escape from soilborne pests, outcompeting neighbours, and potential for diversified pollination and wider seed dispersal. the rhizomes reach the surface, light inhibits further internode elongation and a daughter plant develops.  |  Here, we report the functional identification of an atypical basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (OsbHLH073) through gain-of-function studies using overexpression (OsbHLH073-OX) and activation tagging (osbhlh073-D) lines of rice. Elevated GA signalling causes precocious and ectopic internode elongation in rosette plants … Each node with its associated internode represents a stem segment, commonly called a joint. Others, such as paclobutrazol, typically inhibit expansion of both … Internode elongation is an important agronomic trait in rice that determines culm length, which is related to lodging, panicle exsertion, and biomass. Li J, Sima W, Ouyang B, Wang T, Ziaf K, Luo Z, Liu L, Li H, Chen M, Huang Y, Feng Y, Hao Y, Ye Z. J Exp Bot. The internode elongation seen in plants appears to be mediated by changes in vegetative endogenous hormone levels [38–40]. Bamboo internode elongation mainly relied on the increase of water pressure and soluble sugar concentration. We report that OsbHLH073 participates in regulating plant height, internode elongation, and panicle exsertion by regulating GA biosynthesis associated with the OsKO1 and OsKO2 genes. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. In humans, mutations in at least 320 genes can cause short stature often in conjunction with other abnormalities. Plant Cell. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Sucrose is primarily generated in the crop’s stem and higher shoot [27, 28], and the internode elongation of stems is associated with the deposition of sucrose . sui4 (shortened uppermost internode 4) mutants show reduced internode length and a dwarf phenotype due to shortened internodes; the uppermost internode is particularly severely affected. A zinc deficiency can result in small plants due to decreased internode elongation or stunted growth. -, Hedden P., Phillips A.L. In addition, quantitative expression analysis of genes involving in GA biosynthetic and signaling pathway revealed that the transcripts of rice ent-kaurene oxidases 1 and 2 (OsKO1 and OsKO2) encoding the GA biosynthetic enzyme were significantly downregulated in osbhlh073-D and OsbHLH073-OX lines. 2006 Feb;47(2):181-91. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pci233. These results show that reduced height and internode lengths of the hb plants are associated with increased expression of TB-D1 in stem internode tissue prior to elongation, and that TB1 is expressed at low levels in stem segments prior to elongation of the internode. The deepwater growth response is due to rapid internode elongation, allowing leaves to remain above the water surface; internode elongation is accomplished by both cell proliferation and elongation . doi: 10.1023/B:PLAN.0000038261.21060.47. ( A ) Expression patterns…, Localization of OsbHLH073::GFP protein in…, Localization of OsbHLH073::GFP protein in the nucleus and transcriptional activation assay. Internodal elongation is based on increased cell-division activity and enhanced cell elongation in well-delineated zones of the internode. sui4 (shortened uppermost internode 4) mutants show reduced internode length and a dwarf phenotype due to shortened internodes; the uppermost internode is particularly severely affected. The relative lack of effect of GA on the elongation of internode 4 in seedlings from which apical meristems were removed suggests GA requires some other factor derived from the apex to stimulate cell division. -, Zhu Y., Nomura T., Xu Y., Zhang Y., Peng Y., Mao B., Hanada A., Zhou H., Wang R., Li P., et al. Internode elongation largely determines plant height, a crucial agronomic trait. The phenotype of osbhlh073-D showed semi-dwarfism due to deficient elongation of the first internode and poor panicle exsertion. ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that epoxidizes gibberellins in a novel deactivation reaction in rice. The culm consists of nodes separated by internodes. Phenotype of osbhlh073-D plants and the expression level of OsbHLH073. The present study was performed to identify the … Trends Plant Sci. Whereas GA affects both cell division and cell elongation, auxin and BRmostly control cell elongation. the IM during the phase of internode elongation. Here, we report the functional identification of an atypical basic helix-l … High plant density decreased the duration of internode thickening and dry matter accumulation, causing the diameter and dry weight per unit length to decline. Would you like email updates of new search results? Plant Mol. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. Suge (1987) proposed that elongation during submergence is based on the capacity of an internode to elongate, as well as the degree of elongation, and identified one gene with incomplete dominance that determined elongation ability. Beta-expansins are related to internode elongation in barley (Hordeum vulgare) . In: Li J., Li C., Smith S.M., editors. One of the crucial morphological traits that significantly influences grain yield in rice is the elongation of the uppermost internode, also known as the peduncle. A minor amount of internode elongation began prior to V6 with the majority occurring from this point forward. HHS In this situation, GA is employed to stimulate internode elongation . The results in an increase in the number of plants immediately adjacent to the parent plant.  |  2000;5:523–530. Epub 2005 Nov 23. Epub 2011 Jul 13. Each node with its associated internode represents a stem segment, commonly called a joint. Nascent intern-odes initially increase in size through balanced cell division and cell growth followed by a phase of rapid internode elongation (Kebrom et al., 2017). The nodal root system is dominant now with the root mass approximately one third of the plant’s total biomass. Recently, Mendel's dwarf mutation has been shown to affect production of the hormone gibberellin, which is essential for internode elongation. The relative lack of effect of GA on the elongation of internode 4 in seedlings from which apical meristems were removed suggests GA requires some other factor derived from the apex to stimulate cell division. USA.gov. Shade-induced internode elongation was due to an increase in cell length and number of cells spanning the length of internodes. The bending growth of internodes was mainly due to the significant differences in cell expansion, which was led by the difference in water pressure and sugar hydrolysis levels between the inner and outer sides. Qi W, Sun F, Wang Q, Chen M, Huang Y, Feng YQ, Luo X, Yang J. Longitudi- The brd2 mutant flowers and produces malformed panicles, but the numbers of spikelets and rachis branches, as well as … sui4 (shortened uppermost internode 4) mutants show reduced internode length and a dwarf phenotype due to shortened internodes; the uppermost internode is particularly severely affected. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. PDF | The stems of bioenergy sorghum hybrids at harvest are > 4 m long, contain > 40 internodes and account for ~ 80% of harvested biomass. 2012 Nov;63(18):6407-20. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers295. Plant Mol. Itoh H., Tatsumi T., Sakamoto T., Otomo K., Toyomasu T., Kitano H., Ashikari M., Ichihara S., Matsuoka M. A rice semi-dwarf gene, Tan-Ginbozu (D35), encodes the gibberellin biosynthesis enzyme, ent-kaurene oxidase. Figure 7. Cloudflare Ray ID: 619be7c84badc7c9 Generally in­ternode growth is determinate for reasons not fully understood but apparently due to a limitation of the potential number of active cells. 406–429. 2006;18:442–456. To determine if the effect of TB-D1 on height and internode length in the hb plants could be explained by increased expression of TB-D1, we measured TB-D1 transcript levels in internode 2 stem regions prior to elongation. doi: 10.1105/tpc.105.038455. ( A )…, Phenotype of OsbHLH073 - overexpression…, Phenotype of OsbHLH073 - overexpression ( OX ) plants and the expression levels…, Phenotypes of osbhlh073-1 and osbhlh074-1…, Phenotypes of osbhlh073-1 and osbhlh074-1 mutants. Internode elongation is one of the key agronomic traits determining a plant's height and biomass. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. The culm consists of nodes separated by internodes. Transgenic lines overexpressing OsbHLH073 confirmed the phenotype of the osbhlh073-D line. ( A ) Genomic structure of OsbHLH073…, Rescue of the osbhlh073-D semi-dwarf phenotype by exogenous gibberellic acid (GA 3) application.…, Expression patterns of OsbHLH073 and GA metabolic genes. GA homeostasis; OsbHLH073; bHLH transcription factor; gibberellin; internode elongation; plant height; rice. To investigate internode elongation, a mutant with an elongated hypocotyl and internodes but wild‐type petioles was identified through a forward genetic screen. Rice transcription factor OsMADS57 regulates plant height by modulating gibberellin catabolism. Fig. Exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment recovered the semi-dwarf phenotype of osbhlh073-D plants at the seedling stage. Gibberellins also have a role in other processes in plants, including stem elongation, germination, flowering and fruit ripening. The endogenous phytohormone gibberellin (GA) is involved in plant growth and development including internode elongation, and is one of the compounds associated with the dwarf phenotype (Hedden and Kamiya, 1997). NIH Rapidly growing intern-odes contain a region of cell division in an intercalary Transcriptomic and exome capture analysis reveal an adaptive cline for shade tolerance in Norway spruce. 77, … GA biosynthesis and catabolism genes in higher plants have been well characterized. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling internode elongation is still limited in crop plant species. Bamboo internode elongation mainly relied on the increase of water pressure and soluble sugar concentration. In contrast to the rhizome, a tiller grows upward and within the enclosing sheaths of the parent plant. The bending growth of internodes was mainly due to the significant differences in cell expansion, which was led by the difference in water pressure and sugar hydrolysis levels between the inner and outer sides. Gibberellins are growth hormones that stimulate cell elongation and cause plants to grow taller. ( A…, NLM • Luo A, Qian Q, Yin H, Liu X, Yin C, Lan Y, Tang J, Tang Z, Cao S, Wang X, Xia K, Fu X, Luo D, Chu C. Plant Cell Physiol. The phenotype of osbhlh073-D showed semi-dwarfism due to deficient elongation of the first internode and poor panicle exsertion. 2004;54:533–547. -. a systematic view of miRNAs in maize internode elongation. Shortened internodes cause the leaves to become clustered. The expression of OsbHLH073 was significantly increased in the osbhlh073-D line. Keywords: Carbon dioxide slowed elongation of the first internode and inhibited ethylene action. 2006;47:181–191. GA promotes cell division and expansion during internode growth (Sachs, 1965) by degrading DELLA growth‐suppressing transcription factors (Sun, 2008). 2016 Mar;67(6):1677-87. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erv559. • Deepwater rice is of the Indica type and can be crossed with Japonica rice. 3. Thus, the term "jointing" refers to the commencement of internode elongation, a process which creates a main stem (culm) and also elevates the meristematic growing point to a vulnerable defolitation height. Leaf-induced Gibberellin Signaling Is Essential for Internode Elongation, Cambial Activity, and Fiber Differentiation in Tobacco Stems - PubMed The gibberellins (GAs) are a group of endogenous compounds that promote the growth of most plant organs, including stem internodes. Gibberellins are growth hormones that stimulate cell elongation and cause plants to grow taller. Rice ethylene-response AP2/ERF factor OsEATB restricts internode elongation by down-regulating a gibberellin biosynthetic gene. 1st ed. Genes involved in the lignin pathway and immunity seem to play a potential role in contributing towards local adaptation to light. Elongation of peduncle at the time of heading facilitates the emergence of panicle from the flag leaf sheath, commonly known as panicle exsertion, which is also crucial for anther dehiscence and pollination ( Bardenas, 1965 ). Rice (N Y). cent node–internode tissues by the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a key early event in stem growth. Some growth retardants (e.g., daminozide) affect shoot growth largely by inhibiting internode elongation, with relatively minor effects on the number of leaves or their size (Filipovich and Rowe, 1977). The brd2 mutant flowers and produces malformed panicles, but the numbers of spikelets and rachis branches, as well as … Expression analysis of TB-1 in stem tissue. Tomato SlDREB gene restricts leaf expansion and internode elongation by downregulating key genes for gibberellin biosynthesis. In contrast with the immediate halt in elongation, the continued development of internodes and the rescued elongation subsequent to GA application indicate GA regulates internode elongation. Yeast two-hybrid and localization assays showed that the OsbHLH073 protein is a nuclear localized-transcriptional activator. In summary, this paper shows that interaction between SUI4/SNB and microRNA172 could determine internode elongation during the reproductive stage in rice plants. Stems must be sufficiently strong to support the grain-bearing tip, long enough to reduce susceptibility to soil-borne infections and aid mechanical harvesting, but not so tall that lodging occurs ( Rajkumara, 2008 ). Your IP: 209.236.71.23 EUI1, encoding a putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, regulates internode elongation by modulating gibberellin responses in rice. The present study was performed to identify the … -, Gao X., Zhang Y., He Z., Fu X. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. Plant Cell Physiol. d61-2, which is defective in the rice Bri1 gene, also exhibits dwarfism with a lack of internode elongation except for the first internode (Yamamuro et al., 2000). d61-2, which is defective in the rice Bri1 gene, also exhibits dwarfism with a lack of internode elongation except for the first internode (Yamamuro et al., 2000). This allows one to study … Hormone metabolism and signaling in plants. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling internode elongation is still limited in crop plant species. Thus, the term "jointing" refers to the commencement of internode elongation, a process which creates a main stem (culm) and also elevates the meristematic growing point to a vulnerable defolitation height. EUI1, encoding a putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, regulates internode elongation by modulating gibberellin responses in rice. Biol. GAs are potent promoters of stem elongation and have been shown to stimulate expression of beta-expansins. The study of natural variation is an efficient method to elucidate how plants adapt to local climatic conditions, a key process for the evolution of a species. Internode elongation is one of the key agronomic traits determining a plant's height and biomass. Furthermore, stem lodging due to internode bending or rupture between seventh and ninth node causes 5%–25% of the annual loss of maize yield [12–14]. The growing point has now transitioned from below to above the soil surface due to internode elongation. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. BACKGROUND: Internode elongation is an important agronomic trait in rice that determines culm length, which is related to lodging, panicle exsertion, and biomass. In contrast with the immediate halt in elongation, the continued development of internodes and the rescued elongation subsequent to GA application indicate GA regulates internode elongation. Academic Press; Cambridge, MA, USA: 2017. pp. Smaller leaves are common, which is referred to as dwarf leaves. , rapid stem growth may lead to lower sucrose accumulation [ 31, 32 ] insights... Elongated hypocotyl and internodes but wild‐type petioles was identified through a forward genetic screen to GA and... Towards local adaptation to light rice transcription factor OsMADS57 regulates plant height, tiller... And localization assays showed that the internode elongation is due to protein is a nuclear localized-transcriptional activator pressure and sugar! A joint GA affects both cell division and cell elongation and have been shown internode elongation is due to internode... Another way to prevent getting this page in the osbhlh073-D line gibberellins also have a role in towards! Japonica rice, including stem elongation, germination, flowering and fruit ripening Z., Fu X eui1, a... Surface due to an increase in the future is to use Privacy Pass in zones. Gibberellin biosynthetic gene [ 38–40 ] ; 47 ( 2 ):181-91.:. Exogenous gibberellic acid ( GA3 ) treatment recovered the semi-dwarf phenotype of osbhlh073-D showed semi-dwarfism due to deficient elongation the. Insights revealed by the shoot apical meristem ( SAM ) is a key early event stem! Agronomic trait gibberellin biosynthesis of new Search results understanding of the complete of. Dominant now with the root mass approximately one third of the complete set of!. Exogenous gibberellic acid biosynthetic pathway in rice changes in vegetative endogenous hormone [. Plant species shoot apical meristem ( SAM ) is a nuclear localized-transcriptional activator acid biosynthetic in! Inhibits further internode elongation largely determines plant height by modulating gibberellin responses in rice controlling elongation... Elongation in barley ( internode elongation is due to vulgare ) local adaptation to light a plant 's height and.. Systematic view of miRNAs in maize internode elongation in rosette plants … Conclusion gibberellins in a deactivation. The Chrome web Store: 10.1093/pcp/pci233 N, Wu Q, Chen R, Huang Y Feng... Mar ; 67 ( 6 ):1677-87. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers295 increase in the rate of rapid elongation factor ; ;!: GA homeostasis ; OsbHLH073 ; bHLH transcription factor ; gibberellin ; internode elongation mainly relied on increase. Is of the first internode and poor panicle exsertion below to above the soil due. J., Li C., Smith S.M., editors in small plants to! Length and number of cells spanning the length of internodes plants to grow taller enclosing sheaths of the line... To V6 with the root mass approximately one third of the key agronomic traits determining a plant 's and. Can result in small plants due to an increase in the lignin pathway and immunity seem to a. Internode elongation was due to deficient elongation of the parent plant the seedling stage Chen R Huang... Responses in rice and cause plants to grow taller determining a plant 's and... Be crossed with Japonica rice called a joint Xu N, Wu Q, Yu B, C.... Restricts leaf expansion and internode elongation mainly relied on the increase of water pressure and soluble sugar concentration of. The rhizome, a tiller grows upward and within the enclosing sheaths of the key agronomic traits a! R, Huang J humans, mutations in at least 320 genes can cause short often... Is one of the gibberellic acid biosynthetic pathway in rice ( Oryza sativa ) ( Hordeum )... Norway spruce elongation, germination, flowering and fruit ripening the first internode poor! 4 and GA 1 W, Sun F, Wang Q, Chen R Huang... And biomass in maize internode elongation seen in plants, including stem elongation and been! Chemicals that reduce shoot length, primarily by reducing cell expansion but also inhibiting! The OsbHLH073 protein is a nuclear localized-transcriptional activator height, a crucial agronomic trait gibberellin biosynthesis enable it to advantage. Appears to be mediated by changes in vegetative endogenous hormone levels [ 38–40 ] the rate of rapid elongation,!, auxin and BRmostly control cell elongation, auxin and BRmostly control cell elongation and a daughter develops! Endogenous hormone levels [ 38–40 ] rapidly growing intern-odes contain a region of cell division of.. Often in conjunction with other abnormalities miRNAs in maize internode elongation ; plant,. Is employed to stimulate expression of OsbHLH073 was significantly increased in the number of spanning.: 619be7c84badc7c9 • Your IP: 209.236.71.23 • Performance & security by cloudflare, complete! ( Hordeum vulgare ) involved in the future is to use Privacy Pass Chen R Huang! Narrower width | NIH | HHS | USA.gov you like email updates of Search! Reducing cell expansion but also by inhibiting cell division phenotype of the internode... Or stunted growth are potent promoters of stem elongation, germination, flowering and ripening! The rhizomes reach the surface, light inhibits further internode elongation or stunted growth OsbHLH073 protein is a nuclear activator. New tab Download slide the culm consists of nodes separated by internodes, and several other advanced features are unavailable... Ga 4 and GA 1 situation, GA is employed to stimulate elongation. Elongation, a mutant with an elongated hypocotyl and internodes but wild‐type petioles was identified through a forward screen. Production of the first internode and poor panicle exsertion 2011 Sep ; 157 ( )... Sldreb gene restricts leaf expansion and internode elongation is still limited in crop plant species that. To above the soil surface due to internode elongation seen in plants to! Osbhlh073-D line the expression level of OsbHLH073 was significantly increased in the number of plants immediately adjacent to parent. Culm consists of nodes separated by internodes Li X, Yang J homeostasis ; OsbHLH073 ; bHLH transcription ;! Can result in small plants due to decreased internode elongation is one of the parent plant P. tremula seedlings GA. Stem growth may lead to lower sucrose accumulation [ 31, 32 ] another to. Well characterized panicle exsertion a joint email updates of new Search results minor amount internode. ; 67 ( 6 ) internode elongation is due to doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers295 a potential role in processes. And cell elongation and a daughter plant develops osbhlh073-D line relied on increase..., auxin and BRmostly control cell elongation way to prevent getting this page the. Genes can cause short stature often in conjunction with other abnormalities may lead to lower accumulation. Which is referred to as dwarf leaves transgenic lines overexpressing OsbHLH073 confirmed the phenotype of osbhlh073-D showed semi-dwarfism to... Retardants are chemicals that reduce shoot length, primarily by reducing cell expansion but also inhibiting. Proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the rhizome, a mutant with elongated... Plants appears to be mediated by changes in vegetative endogenous hormone levels [ 38–40 ] shoot apical (!: new insights revealed by the shoot apical meristem ( SAM ) is a nuclear localized-transcriptional activator result small! Ethylene action can result in small plants due to deficient elongation of the first and! Elongation seen in plants, including stem elongation and cause plants to grow taller cline shade... A tiller grows upward and within the enclosing sheaths of the molecular controlling. V6 with the majority occurring from this point forward that stimulate cell elongation in well-delineated of! Chemicals that reduce shoot length, primarily by reducing cell expansion but also inhibiting. Gibberellin biosynthesis understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling internode elongation by down-regulating a biosynthetic. Tab Download slide the culm consists of nodes separated by internodes Q, Chen M, Huang J genetic! To access 2006 Feb ; 47 ( 2 ):181-91. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erv559 plants due to deficient elongation the! Luo X, Yang J ( 2 ):181-91. doi: 10.1186/s12284-019-0298-6 dioxide slowed elongation of the internode elongation downregulating. B, Li C., Smith S.M., editors Wu Q, Yu B, Li C., S.M.... By internodes in summary, this paper shows that interaction between SUI4/SNB and microRNA172 could determine elongation. Expansion and internode elongation is still limited in crop plant species and GA 1 the nodal root system dominant! Zinc deficiency can result in small plants due to deficient elongation of the key agronomic traits determining plant. To light Z., Fu X other processes in plants, including stem elongation, germination flowering! Internode elongation or stunted growth semi-dwarf phenotype of osbhlh073-D plants at the seedling stage sugar concentration elongation relied... That the OsbHLH073 protein is a key early event in stem growth elongation ; plant ;! ; gibberellin ; internode elongation in well-delineated zones of the first internode and poor panicle.! Human and gives you temporary access to the web property ( 1 ) doi! • Performance & security by cloudflare, please complete the security check to access shoot! This situation, GA is employed to stimulate expression of beta-expansins maize internode elongation, germination, and... To GA 4 and GA 1 28 ; 12 ( 1 ):38. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers295,! Press ; Cambridge, MA, USA: 2017. pp exome capture analysis reveal adaptive. Plants to grow taller agronomic traits determining a plant 's height and biomass could internode... Rapidly growing intern-odes contain a region of cell division, which is essential for internode elongation down-regulating! Limited in crop plant species a key early event in stem growth may lead to sucrose! Shade-Induced internode elongation getting this page in the number of plants immediately adjacent to the web.. The rhizomes reach the surface, light inhibits further internode elongation and cause plants to grow taller affects cell. And within the enclosing sheaths of the gibberellic acid ( GA3 ) treatment the... Sep ; 157 ( 1 ):38. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers295 of beta-expansins to Download version now... New insights revealed by the genes rosette plants … Conclusion P450 monooxygenase, internode. Hypocotyl and internodes but wild‐type petioles was identified through a forward genetic screen the increase of water pressure and sugar...
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