The project consists of four fields: Akal (the largest), Nohoch, Chac and Kutz. The short-term debottlenecking projects, known as the Short-Term Plan, included modifications to existing platforms to add new production separation facilities, pumps and compressors, and the installation of additional produced gas-compression facilities, interconnecting pipelines and a floating storage and offloading vessel. A case well-known is Cantarell field, which is the eighth largest oil field in the world, with fractures, breccias, and vugs [3–5] located in the Campeche Sound, Yucatán Platform in Mexico. When it was built in the early 1980s, it was the largest offshore development project in the world, with a total installed cost of more than $5bn. The injection project started operating in 2000, and boosted production from about a million barrels a day to 1.6 million barrels a day, then to 1.9 million barrels a day in 2002 and to a peak of 2.1 million barrels a day in 2004, making Cantarell the second-fastest producing oilfield in the world at that time, behind the Ghawar Field in Saudi Arabia. [5][14], Coordinates: 19°45′09″N 92°30′58″W / 19.75250°N 92.51611°W / 19.75250; -92.51611, Barton, R., Bird, K., Hernandez, J.G., Grajales-Nishimura, J.M., Murillo-Muneton, G., Herber, B., Weimer, P., Koeberl, C., Neumaier, M., Schenk, O., Stark, J., 2010, High Impact Reservoirs, Oilfield Review, Houston: Schlumberger, pp. Mexico and includes the Cantarell oil field (Santiago-Acevedo,1980). [12], In July 2008, the daily production rate fell sharply by 36% to 973,668 barrels per day (155,000 m3/d) from 1.526 million barrels per day (243×10^3 m3/d) a year earlier. The first oil was produced from the Ku field in 1981. Meanwhile, KMZ, which is adjacent to Cantarell, has emerged as Mexico's most prolific field. The unit contains five producing fields: Ku, Maloob, Zaap, Bacab and Lum. The Cantarell field complex is the second largest producing oil field in Mexico and one of the largest in the world. [13] Analysts theorize that this rapid decline is a result of production enhancement techniques causing faster short-term oil extraction at the expense of field longevity. Cantarell accounted for 17% of Mexico's total crude oil production in 2013, compared with 63% in 2004. After six months of study, the team recommended that nitrogen be used to pressurise the reservoir and enhance production at Cantarell. It could be because it used to be one of the richest oil fields in North America that is being rapidly drained to feed North America's voracious petrol appetite. The nitrogen injection project, including the largest nitrogen plant in the world, installed onshore at Atasta Campeche, started operating in 2000, and it increased the production rate to 1.6 million barrels per day (250,000 m3/d), to 1.9 million barrels per day (300,000 m3/d) in 2002 and to 2.1 million barrels per day (330,000 m3/d) of output in 2003, which ranked Cantarell the second fastest producing oil field in the world behind Ghawar Field in Saudi Arabia. In 1996, project manager Bechteland Pemex prepared a conceptual design study for the development of the Cantarell field. The giant Cantarell oil field lies deep under the water of the Gulf of Mexico. KMZ was expected to produce 800,000bopd by 2010; however, in June 2009, its production capacity peaked at 835,000 bopd, making it the largest crude oil-producing project in Mexico. One development well was completed along with workovers on one major well and nine minor wells. Luis Ramírez Corzo, head of PEMEX's exploration and production division, announced on August 12, 2004 that the actual oil output from Cantarell was forecast to decline steeply from 2006 onwards, at a rate of 14% per year. In November 2006, Pemex reported that Cantarell has produced 11.492 billion barrels (1.8271 × … The discoveries cluster in certain parts of the world, covering 46 countries, and are of significant magnitude for each country’s economy. Data according to PEMEX' Annual Reports, SEC Form 20-F, cf. [3] It was placed on nitrogen injection in 2000, and production peaked at 2.1 million barrels per day (330,000 m3/d) in 2004. Another accommodation rig, Safe Bristolia, is also contracted from May 2011 to March 2013 for $45.3m. Pemex has reported a continuous downfall in production from Cantarell. By January 2009, oil production at Cantarell had fallen to 772,000 barrels per day (123,000 m3/d), a drop in production of 38% for the year, resulting in a drop in total Mexican oil production of 9.2%, the fifth year in a row of declining Mexican production. The database for the Cantarell field consists of a structure contour map of the top of the latest Cretaceous–lowest Paleogene breccia ().A 200 m square grid is placed over this map yielding 5124 squares with 63 segments in the X direction and 86 segments in the Y direction, and Z is the depth below sea level to the contoured surface. The reservoirs are formed from carbonate breccia of Late Cretaceous age, the rubble from the asteroid impact that created the Chicxulub Crater. Tui Oil Field Decommissioning, Offshore Taranaki Coast, Trump pushes on with Alaskan nature reserve drilling auction, OPEC+ agrees to increase oil production by 500,000bpd from January 2021, Denmark to cancel all new oil and gas exploration by 2050, Capturing the light: inside Norway’s Northern Lights CCS project, Open architecture: how IBM, RedHat, and Schlumberger could lead digital innovation in oil and gas. Unfortunately, the nitrogen has migrated into the gas, lowering its heating value and thus, economic value, and soon will require treatment to remove the nitrogen from the gas, to be able to use the gas as a fuel. The Maloob field was discovered in 1984 and the Zaap field in 1991; oil produced from these fields varies from 12 to 25 degrees API. An integrated study of the Kimmeridgian strata in the Akal block, the overthrusting block, at the Cantarell field was completed utilizing seismic data, well logs, and core analysis. 1976 - Huge offshore oil reserves discovered; the Cantarell field becomes the mainstay of Mexico's oil production. In 2009, Ku-Maloob-Zaap replaced Cantarell as Mexico's most productive oil field. [7] Folding occurred in the early Miocene to Pliocene and the compression forced up Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic blocks forming the Structural trap in which hydrocarbons migrated in the Miocene. Production has often required new technologies that can later be applied to less obscure plays. Cantarell has also been the source of the largest It could be any of those reasons, but it isn't. The Cantarell IV Jackup is managed by Grupo R, owned by Grupo R and became operational in 2019 The gas-oil contact level moved up to its current position of 1,930 meters subsea in recent years, and the water-oil contact moved to 480 meters, from its original position of 3,200 meters. The Cantarell Field is considered the world’s sixth largest oil field, Bolivar Coastal the eighth largest, and arguably the world’s largest oil reserves lie in the Green River shales. Pemex spent Mex$38bn ($2.88bn) in 2008 on installing 20 wells and dehydration and desalination plants at Cantarell to control its decline in production. As of Jan 2001, Mexico has approximately 10.42 billion barrels (1.657 × 10 ^ 9 m 3) in proven oil reserves. Cantarell's oil production peaked in 2004 and has declined in subsequent years, with further decline expected in the future. Rosas et al., 1998). [14] Production is now expected to stabilize at 400,000 barrels per day (60,000 m3/d). At its peak in 2004, Cantarell was the world's second largest oil producing field at 2.1 million b/d. In December 2011, Prosafe was contracted to extend the Safe Hibernia bareboat at the Cantarell field until December 2013 for $39.4m. Cantarell IV, which was warm stacked in our yard from 2016 to the start of 2019, was able to go directly to the field upon delivery and achieve 99% uptime in its operations. Because of the oilfield’s geological formation, neither of these turned out to be a viable solution, but nitrogen was. The Akal TE well recovery platform was installed and Cantarell’s compression equipment began operations. 15-07-14-Yucatan-Ölfelder-RalfR-WMA 0475.jpg 6,016 × 4,016; 3.34 MB But as reservoir pressure fell, Pemex decided to maintain it by injecting nitrogen to increase the final reservoir recovery. In January 2009, production was 772,000bopd, a fall of approximately 38% on the previous year. One of the main reasons for Cantarell’s prolific oil production rate was the existence of a giant natural gas bubble that maintained pressure over the reservoir for the first 20 years of the field’s life. Nor even in the Middle East. [6], Flight over Cantarell, Yucatan at the horizon, The Chicxulub impactor produced the Chicxulub crater and subsequent carbonate-debris breccia, which became the oil reservoir for the fields around Villahermosa and the Bay of Campeche where the Cantarell Complex is located. When it was built in the early 1980s, it was the largest offshore development project in the world, with a total installed cost of more than $5bn. The reservoirs are formed from carbonate breccia of Late Cretaceous age, the rubble from the asteroid impact that created the Chicxulub Crater. Cantarell lies below about 120 ft of water in the Bay of Campeche and provides heavy crude at about 22 degree … In May 2008, Mexico’s Energy Ministry said output had fallen a further 33% to 1.07 million barrels a day, representing the lowest output at the field since March 1996. For 2006, the field's output declined by 13.1%, according to Jesús Reyes Heróles, the director-general of PEMEX. The Cantarell field produces out of three separate fault-bounded allochthonous blocks: the Akal, Nohoch, and Kutz blocks. Cantarell is located 80 kilometres (50 mi) offshore in the Bay of Campeche. The Cantarell field is Pemex Exploración y Producción's heavy oilfield, located 100km off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula in the Gulf of Mexico. It is located 80 kilometres offshore in … It was said to be the second most important field in Mexico after Cantarell, and the world’s 23rd biggest reserve. The recently discovered Sihil field (1-15,000 million barrels) contains light oil in Jurassic strata below the other reservoirs and is generally referred to as a separate field, although its development will obviously benefit from the infrastructure already in place above it. As far back as August 2004, Pemex announced that oil output from the field would fall steeply from 2006 onwards, at a rate of 14% a year. The field produced about 558,000bopd in 2010, which is 19% less than 2009’s production and 60% less than its peak production. KMZ received an investment of Mex$26bn to increase production. The downfall has adversely affected Mexico’s annual government budget and credit rating. The field was discovered in…, Rhum gas / condensate field is located in block 3/29a in the UK northern North Sea, approximately 44km north of…, Tommeliten Alpha is a gas and condensate field located at a water depth of 75m, approximately 25km south-west of the…, Get important industry news and analysis sent to your inbox – sign up to our e-Newsletter here, “Crude oil from the Bay of Campeche is transported via pipelines to tanker berths at Cayo de Arcas.”. Map showing location of oil and gas fields, important dry holes, and recently reported discoveries, north­ ... Cantarell Complex oil field, offshore Campeche area ..... 33 21. Mexico Oil Fields Map Field Acronyms EUR_MMBOE = Estimated ultimate recovery in million barrels of oil equivalent Giant oil and gas fields = those with 500 million barrels (79,000,000 m3) of ultimately recoverable oil or gas equivalent. The majority of oil produced from the Ku-Maloob-Zaap fields is piped to Cantarell and exported as part of Pemex's 22° API Maya blend. This consisted of several major components, including the installation of new wellhead platforms, riser and injection platforms, two new central processing complexes, accommodation platforms, bridges and flares, and interconnecting pipelines. It had 24 marine platforms and 132 operating wells by 2008. [14] Production continued to decline and production was at 340,000 barrels per day in June 2014. The plant consists of five production lines, each housing an air separation unit powered by its own turbine generator, which is supplied with natural gas by Pemex. From that slick the first field in the Cantarell complex was discovered in 1976, and production began from the fields in 1979. Within the envelope formed by the bubblepoint and dewpoint curves, the fluid exists as Cantarell is Pemex's third largest offshore business unit. [7] But Cantarell has collapsed from 2.2 million bpd in 2003 to about 200,000 bpd today, bringing Mexico’s overall oil output down from about 3.4 million bpd to 2.5 million. Its main purpose is to increase output from a super-giant deposit, which is comprised of four adjacent fields (Akal, Chac, Nohoch and Kutz) and which has been under intense exploitation now for almost two decades, yet still provides over one million barrels a day of crude oil. The company expects production to drop to approximately 500,000bopd by 2012, and then to stabilise at 400,000bopd until 2017. [7] There are four blocks in the Cantarell Complex, Akal, Nohoch, Chac and Kutz[8] with the Akal block underlain by a fifth block, Sihil, where oil was discovered in 1998.[9]. However, the production rate dropped to 1 million barrels per day (160,000 m3/d) in 1995. The main field is located in the Akal structure. Bechtel and Pemex studied other options, such as steam and water injection. But in financial terms it stands astride the entire nation of Mexico. Akal is the Cantarell's largest field, with a reservoir of 32 billion bbl and an oil column thickness of about 1,200 meters. The nitrogen recovery unit at the Ciudad Pemex, Tabasco Gas Processing Center allows the field to meet quality specifications. The Cantarell field produces out of three separate fault-bounded allochthonous blocks: the Akal, Nohoch, and Kutz blocks. The mature Cantarell oil field in the Campeche Bay is still an important petroleum-producing area. Structural cross section A-A', Cantarell Complex oil field, offshore Campeche area -....-.-..-. See more » Mexican oil boom The Mexican Oil Boom was an oil boom from 1977 to 1981 which eventually led to a disastrous crash that lasted for most the 1980s, driving the economy to a payment default and a significant deficit correction as oil prices fell. Cantarell is a depleted mature field that produces by use of a nitrogen-injection system to pressurize the reservoir. The plant was built by a consortium of Empresas ICA of Mexico, Fluor Corp of the US, gas companies Linde and the BOC Group, Westcoast Energy of Canada (a gas pipeline company later acquired by Spectra Energy) and Marubeni. The Cantarell field has produced more than 6934 million barrels (m.b.) The Cantarell field is Pemex Exploración y Producción's heavy oilfield, located 100km off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula in the Gulf of Mexico. Cantarell Field is a “poster child” for Peak Oil. In my opinion, Cantarell/Mexico may be one of the most poignant, and easiest to grasp examples of what Peak Oil is all about. Slructure map of the top of the K-T calcareous breccia showing studied wells in the Cantarell Oil Field (modified from Pemex Exploraci6n y Producci6n, 1999). 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